Selenium deficiency is a lack of the essential mineral selenium, which can cause Keshan disease, a fatal form of disease of the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy) that was first observed in Keshan province in China and has since been found elsewhere.

Kwashiorkor is a childhood disease that is caused by protein deprivation.

Beriberi refers to a cluster of symptoms caused primarily by a nutritional deficit in vitamin B1 (thiamine).