YOUNG ITALY refers to the Italian independence movement founded by Giuseppe Mazzini that combined nationalist and democratic ideals.

Mohandas Gandhi worked to secure the rights of Indian laborers in South Africa.

CHARLES DICKENS was the British author who wrote about the struggles of the urban poor in novels such as Hard Times and A Christmas Carol.

Louis Pasteur was the French scientist who developed a method that used heat to kill harmful microbes that cause milk and other food products to spoil.