Positive interactions in the tundra ecosystem include mutualism (e.g., plant-fungi partnerships), commensalism (e.g., caribou creating open spaces for smaller plants), and facilitation (e.g., mosses creating habitats for insects). Negative interactions involve competition for resources among species, predation (e.g., Arctic foxes hunting small mammals), parasitism (e.g., parasites weakening hosts), herbivory (e.g., herbivores consuming plants), and disease (e.g., pathogens affecting populations). These interactions play a crucial role in shaping the ecosystem's dynamics, though their impact can vary based on context and species involved.

A subordinate clause is a group of words containing a subject and a predicate, but is not a sentence on its own.