The purpose of the Counter-Reformation was to address the challenges posed by the Protestant Reformation and to revitalize the Catholic Church. It aimed to reaffirm Catholic doctrines, combat heresy, and regain the trust of the faithful. The Council of Trent held between 1545 and 1563, played a crucial role in this movement.
The outcomes of the Council of Trent were significant for the Catholic Church. Doctrinal reforms were made, clarifying Catholic teachings and addressing criticisms raised by the Protestant reformers. The council reaffirmed the authority of the Pope and the importance of tradition alongside scripture. It emphasized the seven sacraments, the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, and the necessity of good works for salvation.
The Jesuits established numerous schools and universities, providing quality education to counter the spread of Protestant ideas. They also played a significant role in missionary activities, particularly in regions where Protestantism had gained ground. The Jesuits' dedication to intellectual rigor, spiritual discipline, and obedience to the Church hierarchy made them a powerful force in the Counter-Reformation.

In its early history, the Netherlands relied on these two corporations for money and in some ways, protection: the Dutch East India Company and the Dutch West India Company.