The argument from design asserts that the complexity and order in the natural world point towards an intelligent designer, typically associated with a higher power or deity. This perspective challenges the theory of evolution by suggesting that the intricate structures and systems observed in living organisms are too intricate and precise to have arisen solely from random processes and natural selection. Proponents of the argument from design often highlight phenomena like the complexity of the human eye or the precisely orchestrated processes within cells as examples of irreducible complexity that cannot be adequately explained by evolutionary mechanisms alone.

Proponents of intelligent design argue that certain biological structures and systems are too complex to have evolved solely through natural selection, suggesting instead that they are the result of an intelligent cause, thereby challenging the foundational principles of the theory of evolution.

Fallacy of Division: Assuming that what is true of a whole must also be true of its parts. Example: "Since the car is expensive, each individual part of the car must be expensive as well."

Equivocation: Using ambiguous or shifting meanings of a term in an argument. Example: "I have the right to run because running is a basic human right." (Here, "running" is used with different meanings: physically running and participating in an election.)

The following is an example of fallacy of division: The second grade in Jefferson Elementary eats a lot of ice cream. Carlos is a second-grader in Jefferson Elementary.


An example of fallacy of equivocation: I have the right to watch "The Real World." Therefore it's right for me to watch the show.