You work in the IT department of your company. Your position allows you to access all computers in the building remotely. You are supposed to ask permission from each computer user before you access their files, but most of the IT employees never ask. Your ex-spouse just started working at the company. You are curious to find out what she is saying in her e-mails to her friends about you. Describe how each of three ethical frameworks (deontology, utilitarianism, virtue ethics) would deal with monitoring private employee communications in the workplace. Which ethical framework would you choose
to follow?
Non-consequentialist or deontological approaches
This approach, associated with Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), is sometimes referred
to as ‘duty ethics’. [ Kant’s aim was to establish a set of absolute moral rules, devel-
oped through the application of reason. He also put forward an acid test for evaluat-
ing the quality of moral rules and this is termed: the categorical imperative. This
states that: ‘I ought never to act except in such a way that I can also will that my
maxim should become a universal law.’ In other words, moral rules should follow
the principle of reciprocity: do as you
would be done by. This premise can be found
in the moral principles of many religious systems, including Islam, Christianity,
Judaism and Buddhism. See, for example, the Ten Commandments.
Kant further stated: ‘Act in such a way that you always treat humanity . . . never
simply as a means, but always at the same time as an end.’ The de?ning character-
istics of this approach are the universal applicability of principles to all humanity, and
basic respect for humans.
A key notion for Kant was that of intentionality. It might well be that the outcome
of an act leads to very bad consequences for people – for example, the closure of a
site and subsequent job losses – but if one’s aims and intentions are good, then the
act is a moral one. It’s all about motivation and meaning.
Goodpaster (1984) has attempted to develop a set of rules along Kantian lines for
business practice:
1. Avoid and prevent harming others.
2. Help those in need.
3. Do not lie or cheat.
4. Respect the rights of others.
5. Keep promises or contracts.
6. Obey the law.
7. Be fair.
8. Encourage others to follow these principles. ]
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mythmoh|Points 5049|
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Asked 6/18/2012 11:38:32 AM
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