Animals in a subarctic climate have to be well-adapted to the cold, with extra layers of fat and thick fur. Some of the world's largest hunters live within the Arctic Circle: bears and wolves, and smaller ones such as wolverines, red and arctic foxes, and lynxes. They hunt herd animals such as caribou, moose, elk, reindeer, musk oxen, mountain goats, Dall sheep and deer. There are no reptiles - whose ectothermic metabolism means they cannot adapt to the cold - but there are a host of small mammals: snowshoe hares, beavers, river otters, mice, rats, lemmings, voles and squirrels.